StressResp — KinFAST

Adaptive test — questions are selected based on your ability estimate. — Tag: CortisolVsEpinephrine

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A physiology student tries to differentiate between epinephrine (released during a sudden startle) and cortisol (released during prolonged stress). Both are stress hormones, but they have very different time courses, sources, and primary actions. Which combination best contrasts them?

Epinephrine is a catecholamine released from the adrenal medulla in response to sympathetic activation; it acts rapidly and briefly to produce fight-or-flight effects (increased heart rate, contractility, vasoconstriction, bronchodilation). Cortisol is a steroid glucocorticoid released from the adrenal cortex through the slower HPA axis (CRH to ACTH to cortisol); it acts over longer time scales to mobilize fuels (gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, protein breakdown) and suppress inflammation during prolonged stress Both hormones come from the adrenal cortex and operate on the same time course Both hormones are released only when blood glucose is high and serve to lower glucose Epinephrine produces slow, sustained effects on metabolism; cortisol produces rapid, short-lived fight-or-flight effects

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